Forging is defined as the process in which metal is plastically deformed with application of temperature and pressure. It is used to change not only the shape but also the properties of the metal because it refines the grain size and therefore improves its structure. Forging is a cost-effective way to produce net-shape or near-net-shape components. Forged parts are used in high performance, high strength and high reliability applications where tension, stress, load and the human safety are critical considerations. They are also employed in a wide range of demanding environments, including highly corrosive and extreme temperatures and pressures.

Various parameters such as complexity of the part, friction between dies and workpiece, type of press, die and workpiece temperature, material of workpiece govern the forging process. Forging process is said to be successful if die cavity is completely filled and stress in the workpiece is less than ultimate stress corresponding to the workpiece material, with minimum force.

Forging analysis software packages like MSC.SuperForge is very helpful in optimizing the forging process. Die design is very expensive. With these packages forging process can be simulated. Various dies can be tried and forging process can be analyzed closely. Optimum die set for which die cavity fills completely while maintaining a lower stress can be selected.